In this study, we formulate a new inflation equation to capture the potential effects of gold and stock prices on inflation in Pakistan. We aim to assess the inflation-hedging properties of gold compared to other assets ...

In a market driven economy, price signals guide and regulate production, consumption and marketing decisions over time, form and place. Identifying the causes of price differences in interregional or spatial markets has ...

Whether to provide services by the public or the private sector has been at the center of debates within governments and those in the international aid industry for decades. Unfortunately, this debate has often been cast ...

In this paper we analyze which factors affect new firm entry and the scale of new firms in the export clusters of Punjab. Our analysis looks at local conditions (such as the degree of concentration in an industry, the ...

This paper proposes that the underlying cause of the macroeconomic problems facing Pakistan today are a series of supply shocks which have constrained output growth. It is argued that while the current debate has ...

This paper explores how Pakistan can get out of the low-tax-to-GDP trap and come close to achieving its revenue targets. Examining the trend factors influencing the trend in total and individual tax-to-GDP ratios over a ...

One hears little about the Planning Commission’s Framework for Economic Growth launched a year ago. This is indicative of its inappropriateness and lack of consideration of Pakistan’s economy or its structures and political ...

This paper traces the evolution of “discriminatory” international trading arrangements: (i) regional trade agreements (RTAs), which offer their members better access to each other’s markets; and (ii) preferential trade ...

This study uses a structural model to analyze the co-determinants of capital structure and stock returns. Applying a generalized method of moments (GMM) model to a panel dataset for 100 nonfinancial firms for the period ...