http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/6341 2026-04-18T03:32:53Z 2026-04-18T03:32:53Z Amber Masood http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/14168 2015-11-23T07:42:14Z 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z

Female Empowerment and the Uptake of Maternity Care Services in Pakistan Amber Masood According to the UNICEF Report (2013), the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) in Pakistan is very high as opposed to the MDG 5 target1. This high maternal mortality can be reduced considerably if the females utilize the required maternity care services. However, in terms of the uptake of antenatal care, skilled birth attendants and post-natal care, Pakistan is lagging behind other South Asian Countries (UNICEF Report, 2013).This brings us to the question that despite such high mortality rates, why are females not utilizing the required services for the sake of their own and their newborn's health? One of the factors, which is a rising focus of demographic and health research and needs to be explored in much more detail for Pakistan, is the empowerment of females. Using information from Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (2012-13), on currently married females (aged 15-49), who had a baby within five years prior to the survey, this study aims to look at the impact of different dimensions of empowerment on maternity care uptake. Female empowerment is divided into three dimensions: behavioral, attitudinal and exposure to domestic violence. To address the possible endogeneity, an IV Approach combined with Cluster Fixed Effects is used and couple's age difference and female's premarital empowerment status (proxied through her mother's exposure to domestic violence) are used as instruments. According to the results, all dimensions of female empowerment have a significant impact on antenatal care but safe delivery postnatal care remains unaffected by it. PP.146; ill

2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Uzma Afzal http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/6363 2015-10-26T08:02:17Z 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z

An Economic Analysis of the Determinats of Health and Nutitional Status of children in Punjab Uzma Afzal PP.54; ill

2012-01-01T00:00:00Z Shandana Shahid Dar http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/6342 2015-10-26T10:12:06Z 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z

Socioeconomic Determinants Of Maternal Health Behavior In Pakistan: An Instrumental Variable Approach Shandana Shahid Dar Utilization of maternal health services is a complex behavioral phenomenon. Empirical studies have established that the use of maternal health services is related to social and cultural structures, household factors and personal characteristics of women such as education and health knowledge. Yet the causal mechanism through which education of women in Pakistan affects their health seeking behavior is poorly understood. Using the 2006-07 Pakistan Demographic Health Survey (PDHS) information on women aged 15-49 who had given at least one birth in the three years prior to the survey, this study aims to; (i) determine which socioeconomic factors affect maternal health care utilization behavior of women, and (ii) identify the pathway through which effect of women’s education is transmitted to their maternal health seeking behavior. Empirical analysis is conducted using instrumental variable technique and community fixed effects. The results of the analysis indicate that women’s predisposing factors such as educational attainment, child’s birth order, spouse’s educational attainment and type of occupation, along with female empowerment are important determinants of maternal health seeking behavior of women in Pakistan. Results of this study also confirm an important role played by women’s health knowledge, independent of educational attainment, on their maternal health care utilization. PP.77; ill

2013-01-01T00:00:00Z