http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/175 Sun, 26 Apr 2026 04:13:51 GMT 2026-04-26T04:13:51Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/15873 Two Sides of the Same Rupee? Comparing Demand for Microcredit and Microsaving in a Framed Field Experiment in Rural Pakistan Uzma Afzal; Giovanna d’Adda; Marcel Fafchamps; Simon Quinn; Farah Said We use a field experiment to test whether saving and borrowing satisfy demand for lump-sum accumulation from regular deposits. Inspired by ROSCAs, we offer different credit and saving contracts to subjects. We find that individuals often accept both credit and saving contract across experimental waves. This behaviour can be rationalised by assuming that individuals seek lump-sum payments and struggle to hold savings. Structural estimation of this model accounts for the behaviour of 75% of participants. Of these, two-thirds have high demand for lump-sum accumulation but savings difficulties. These results imply that the distinction between microlending and microsaving is largely illusory. PP.30; ill Sun, 01 Jan 2017 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/15873 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/15708 The Impact of Market Discipline on Banks’ Capital Adequacy: Evidence From an Emerging Economy Ayesha Afzal This study presents empirical support for the role of market discipline in augmenting bank capital ratios in a competitive banking environment. Using a panel dataset on domestic commercial banks in Pakistan from 2009 to 2014, the study determines if the market penalized banks for any increase in their risk profile through a rise in the cost of raising funds. The results point to a significant relationship between capital adequacy and other risk factors, with the cost of deposits demonstrating how depositors align the required return to the perceived risk level of the bank. These findings have important implications for policymakers as market discipline could complement the role of regulators, which would eventually lower the cost of supervision. Moreover, the focus of international reforms as seen through the implementation of Basel III should continue to be on developing a more competitive and transparent banking system. PP.15; ill Thu, 01 Jan 2015 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/15708 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/15707 The Impact of Grade Incentives and Gender on Student Performance: An Experiment Mehreen Amjad Furqan; Sohnia Salman; Sohail Zafar This experiment was conducted to determine the impact of grade incentives and gender on student performance at the university level. We perform a two-way analysis of variance on a sample of three groups of students taking a first-year core mathematics course and another three groups taking a fourth-year compulsory accounting course. We find that grade incentives significantly affect student performance for both sampled courses across all six groups. Gender is found to significantly affect the performance of mathematics students, but not of accounting students. The interaction between gender and grade incentives does not have a significant impact on performance in either experiment. PP.14; ill Thu, 01 Jan 2015 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/15707 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/15706 The Impact of Consumer Ethnocentrism on Purchase Intentions: Local Versus Foreign Brands Mehrukh Salman; Uswa Naeem This study evaluates the impact of consumer constructs, including ethnocentrism, attitudes toward brands, and celebrity endorsement, on purchase intentions for beverages in Pakistan. A quantitative survey was administered to collect the data and a path analysis conducted to test the model. Based on a sample of 150 respondents, our results indicate a positive relationship between ethnocentrism and purchase intentions with respect to local brands. Moreover, ethnocentrism, attitudes toward brands, and celebrity endorsements all have a significant impact on purchase intentions for local brands. PP.18; ill Thu, 01 Jan 2015 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/15706 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z