http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/6115 Sat, 25 Apr 2026 16:33:18 GMT 2026-04-25T16:33:18Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/20294 Gift Giving Perceptions in Romantic Relationships: A Consumer Behavior Perspective Samra Nadeem Purpose It is commonly seen that people, often times, tend to stress while buying gifts for their significant others. However, there are also people that enjoy the whole experience. Why is it stressful for some, and enjoyable for others? Why does it seem like an obligation to some, but pleasurable to others? Researchers previously showed how attachment orientations of an individual play a role in determining whether they are likely to percieve gift giving as pleasureable or as a chore. The findings were taken a step ahead by also incorporating the impact of a “gift recipient’s attachment orientation” on gift giver’s perception of gift giving. The purpose of this research is to extend their findings, firstly, by incorporating both situational (relationship satisfaction) and stable (self-esteem) factors into the research, secondly, by collecting data from people in an established romantic relationship (engaged or married) and thirdly, by confirming previous findings in an eastern context for the first time. PP. 204 ill; Tue, 01 Jan 2019 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/20294 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/17477 The Role of Spiritual Engagement and Organizational Resilience in Fear Appeals and Panic Buying Behavior in the Context of COVID-19: A Protection-Motivation Theory Approach Anusheh Ali Gouhar This study explores the relationship between fear of unknown and panic buying behavior in the context of COVID-19. Building on the protection-motivation theory (PMT), the study extends the model by investigating ‘how’ the severity of threat and cyberchondria facilitates/deters the relationship of fear of unknown and panic buying behavior when spiritual engagement and organizational resilience act as boundary conditions. PP. 120; ill Sat, 01 Apr 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/17477 2023-04-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/17441 Impact of Team Resilience on Organizational Citizenship Behaviors: A Multilevel Analysis Sehar Zareen Purpose: This multilevel study aims to find the direct impact of Team Resilience on Organizational Citizenship Behavior and also the indirect impacts of Team Resilience on Organizational Citizenship Behavior through Team Cohesion and Employee Resilience. Further it also aims to explore the moderating role of positive contextual factor- employees’ perceptions of Transformational Leadership to determine the strength of the relationship between Employee Resilience and Organizational Citizenship Behavior Methodology and Design Approach: Data was collected from a total sample of 483 employees nested in 74 teams working in firms from Banking and FMCG industries in Lahore, Karachi and Islamabad through self administered paper and pencil survey and Web survey. The collected data was analyzed by using “Multilevel SEM” in Mplus 7.11 (Muthen & Muthen, 1998–2015) Results and Findings: Team Resilience has a significant positive relationship with Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Though Team Resilience has a positive effect on both Team Cohesion and Employee Resilience but only the indirect effect of Team Resilience on Organizational Citizenship Behavior through Employee Resilience is found to be significant. Perceptions of high levels of Transformational Leadership lead to a strong positive relationship between Employee Resilience and Organizational Citizenship Behavior while perceptions of low levels of Transformational Leadership result in a weak positive relationship between Employee Resilience and Organizational Citizenship Behavior. PP. 158; ill Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/17441 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/17440 PARA-SOCIAL RELATIONSHIP (PSR) FORMED WITH THIRD-PARTY ENDORSEMENTS (TPE) INSPIRES SKIN-CARE INDUSTRY OF PAKISTAN- AN INSTIGATED CHANGE IN MARKETING FEILD Khaula Aasim Raja Making use of the Signaling Theory, this dissertation investigates the impact of expertise of third-party endorsement (TPE) and self-susceptibility to product placement in vlogs in forming the para-social relationship between the customer and the brand, thus anticipating customer equity and online purchase intention, keeping trustworthiness of the third-party as a mediator. This paper also aimed to examine the group differences between two types of customer segments i.e., below the age of 28 and above the age of 28. The dissertation used partial least square-based structural equation modeling method, mediation analysis and multi-group analysis test on the data set of 300 active users of social media and active users of skin-care products. Smart PLS and SPSS statistical software were used for the data analysis. The results show that expertise of TPE has a lesser (yet significant) impact on forming para-social relationship as compared to self-susceptibility to product placement in vlogs. The relationship of para-social relationship with customer equity and with purchase intention was also found to be significant. Mediation analysis confirmed that trust mediates the relationship between self-susceptibility to product placement in vlogs and para-social relationship but it does not mediate the relationship between expertise of TPE and para-social relationship. PP. 91; ill Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/17440 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z