Pakistan and India were part of that wave of economic liberalization among developing countries from the late 1980s. This paper is about one aspect of that failure to ‘produce the economic magic’, in Pakistan. Pakistan ...

In this paper I explore the impact of modernization and social change on the Islamic ummah (community of believers) and how they are shaping the emerging struggle between ‘hybridity’ and ‘authenticity’ among Muslims and ...

To date no study has been made to explore the FDI motives of foreign firms in Pakistan. An attempt has been made to rectify this position through a survey of both wholly- and majority-owned multinational enterprises ...

The empowerment of women and improvement of their socio-economic status are essential ingredients of economic, political and social development. To achieve these objectives, the Government and NGOs have launched a number ...

Keynes (1930) proposed that an asset is more liquid than another “if it is more certainly realisable at short notice without loss” (vol. II, p. 67). This definition suggests that the liquidity of an asset is twofold. First, ...

How do we arrest the decline of the social sciences in Pakistan? Is it a matter of money or one of sending more students to the West who might then return to teaching at the local universities? In this article I argue ...

This paper applies the technique of Granger Causality to determine the relationship between total government expenditures and total tax revenue using annual revised estimates. The analysis discovers a firm unidirectional effect ...

The fad that different studies seeking to measure poverty in a given country often give differing results, although they apparently use the same method and same data source, has long disconcerted both experts in the ...

This study aims to capture volatility patterns using GARCH (1,1) models. It evaluates these models to obtain one-step-ahead forecastabilities by employing four major forecasting evaluation criteria, and compares two ...