In the last five years (2002-2007) under the directions of the Higher Education Commission, Islamabad, a process of transforming Universities within Pakistan into research oriented Universities has been initiated. What ...

Engel’s Law states that the share of food in household expenditure declines with households’ total expenditure—a regularity that is clearly evident in Pakistani household income and expenditure data. This study uses an ...

Almost half the world’s adult population lacks access to a formal bank account and other financial services. Pakistan is no exception and it is also among those countries at the lower end of the spectrum of financial ...

A rich area of economic research focuses on the role of controlled experiments to understand interactions between agents and agents’ own deepseeded preferences as they pertain to pro-social behavior. Four of the most common ...

This study aims to capture volatility patterns using GARCH (1,1) models. It evaluates these models to obtain one-step-ahead forecastabilities by employing four major forecasting evaluation criteria, and compares two ...

The assumptions and practices associated with Orientalism were essential elements in the domination of colonial and post-colonial societies. Despite the long history of struggles against such oppression, no one else provided ...

With growing global and regional economic integration, Pakistan, too, is actively seeking to enhance regional economic cooperation; it has entered into various regional and bilateral trade agreements that encompass trade ...

As Pakistan enters the CPEC era, there is a sense of optimism as well as concern in the country, given the uncertain economic impact of this major collaboration between China and Pakistan. Using firm-level and trade data, ...

This paper seeks to describe and analyze the parallel foreign exchange (FX) market in Pakistan. The very nature of this market implies that there is little formal documentation or data to describe it, and so any assessment ...

This paper reviews Pakistan’s productivity performance over the last 35 years (1980–2015) and identifies factors that help explain the declining trend in labor productivity and total factor productivity (TFP), both of which ...