This study seeks to determine the direction of causality between energy consumption (EC) and economic growth (EG), using annual data from 1971 to 2007. In our empirical analysis, we implement a bounds-testing approach to ...

Trade is presumed to act as a catalyst to economic growth. This paper reinvestigates the export-led growth hypothesis in Pakistan by using annual time series data on exports, imports, terms of trade, and the labor force ...

Economists typically use multiple indicators to assess the burden of external debt, such as the ratios of the stock of debt to exports and to gross national product, and the ratios of debt service to exports and to ...

This study revisits the relationship between the fiscal deficit and economic growth in Pakistan to determine whether there exists a threshold fiscal deficit that might serve as a benchmark for policymakers aiming to ...

Most empirical studies on sectoral change provide evidence in favor of the complementarities between manufacturing and services, claiming that both sectors generally grow in parallel. This study investigates the complementarities ...

At a time of rapid technological advancements in every field, Pakistan must develop a comprehensive strategy for harnessing science and technology to promote economic growth on a sustained basis. In recent decades, successful ...

In the last two decades, the financial services sector in Pakistan has seen remarkable growth and structural development. However, it is debatable whether the financial markets and institutions have contributed meaningfully ...